What book formatting software actually has to do
A manuscript in a word processor is one long scroll of text. A book is two different products made from it, and a formatter's job is to make both without you setting every page by hand.
The paperback is a fixed layout. Every page has a set size (the trim), a wider margin on the spine side so words do not disappear into the binding, running headers or footers, page numbers that start in the right place, chapters that open on a fresh page, and fonts embedded in the PDF so the printer cannot swap them. On Amazon KDP, the inside margin grows with the page count, because a thicker book curves more at the spine:
| Page count | Minimum inside (gutter) margin on KDP |
| 24 to 150 pages | 0.375 in |
| 151 to 300 pages | 0.5 in |
| 301 to 500 pages | 0.625 in |
| 501 to 700 pages | 0.75 in |
| 701 to 828 pages | 0.875 in |
The outside margin is at least 0.25 inch without bleed and 0.375 inch with it. Bleed, for pictures that run off the page edge, is 0.125 inch, and even one bleed page means the whole interior is set up with bleed and uploaded as a PDF. The regular KDP trims are 5 x 8, 5.06 x 7.81, 5.25 x 8, 5.5 x 8.5 and 6 x 9 inches; larger sizes up to 8.5 x 11 and A4 cost more to print. All of this is from KDP's trim, bleed and margins page, checked 9 October 2026. Our KDP paperback guide walks through the upload itself.
The ebook is a reflowable file. There are no pages: the text reflows to fit a phone, a tablet or an e-reader at whatever font size the reader picks. What matters is a linked table of contents, clean chapter breaks, images that scale, and a file the store accepts (ebook formats explained). KDP takes DOCX, EPUB, KPF (from Kindle Create), HTML, RTF and TXT for Kindle ebooks, and PDF only for some languages. It no longer takes MOBI: reflowable MOBI ended on 1 August 2021 and fixed-layout MOBI on 18 March 2025. If a tool still advertises MOBI as its Kindle format, that is a tool that has not kept up.
The cover is a third file (cover design guide). For a paperback, KDP wants one PDF with the back, the spine and the front, plus 0.125 inch bleed on every edge. The spine width comes from your page count and paper: 0.002252 inch a page on white paper and 0.0025 inch on cream, so a 284-page book on white paper has a spine of about 0.64 inch. KDP's help is inconsistent on the exact threshold for spine text (it says both "at least 79" and "more than 79" pages), so the safe rule is spine text from about 80 pages. Most formatters do not make this file at all.