Technical

Microsoft Security Platform

by David Simpson · Published 2026-08-21

Created with Inkfluence AI

40 chapters 20,671 words ~83 min read English

Security platform concepts, tools, and implementation on Microsoft

1. Microsoft Entra ID OAuth 2.0
2. App Registration Certificates & Secrets
3. Graph Security API Base URL
4. Authorization Header & Scopes
5. Authentication Error Codes
6. Microsoft Graph $select & $filter
7. Pagination with @odata.nextLink
8. Rate Limiting and Retry-After
9. Create Security Alert Subscription
10. Webhook Validation and Handshake
11. Webhook Events for Security Alerts
12. List Security Alerts with Filters
13. Get Security Alert Details
14. Update Security Alert Status
15. Assign Alert to Case
16. Create Security Case
17. List Security Cases by Status
18. Get Security Case Evidence
19. Update Case Assignment
20. Add Case Comments
21. Create Device Inventory Query
22. List Managed Devices with Filters
23. Get Device Secure Score
24. Update Device Risk Level
25. Create Incident Subscription
26. List Incidents with Time Windows
27. Get Incident Timeline
28. Resolve Incident via API
29. Create Threat Indicator
30. List Threat Indicators by Type
31. Update Threat Indicator Status
32. Delete Threat Indicator Safely
33. Upload Files for Malware Analysis
34. Retrieve Analysis Results by Job
35. Security Alerts Export to SIEM
36. Correlation IDs for Incident Traceability
37. Handling 429 Throttling in Webhooks
38. Retrying Failed API Calls with Idempotency
39. Troubleshooting Missing Webhook Events
40. Monitoring API Health with Diagnostic Logs

Preview: Microsoft Entra ID OAuth 2.0

A short excerpt from “Microsoft Entra ID OAuth 2.0”. The full book contains 40 chapters and 20,671 words.

Overview

Which OAuth 2.0 grant produces the token required by a Microsoft Security API, and which permission does that token contain? This section applies the Token Ladder Method: identify the API resource, select the grant, request the correct scope, then validate the returned claims before calling the API.

Quick Reference

Use case	Endpoint	Grant	Scope
Daemon, service, automation	`POST https://login.microsoftonline.com/{tenant}/oauth2/v2.0/token`	`client_credentials`	`{resource}/.default`
Signed-in user	Same endpoint	`authorization_code`	Delegated permission, such as `https://graph.microsoft.com/SecurityEvents.Read.All`
Microsoft Graph Security	Resource	`https://graph.microsoft.com`	`https://graph.microsoft.com/.default` for application permissions

Token endpoint: `https://login.microsoftonline.com/{tenant}/oauth2/v2.0/token`
HTTP method: `POST`
Token use: `Authorization: Bearer {access_token}`
Tenant values: tenant ID, verified domain, `organizations`, or `common` where supported

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Required	Description
`tenant`	string	Yes	Entra tenant identifier in the URL.
`client_id`	string	Yes	Application registration ID.
`client_secret`	string	Yes for confidential clients	Secret value; store in Key Vault or another protected secret store.
`grant_type`	string	Yes	`client_credentials` for app-only access; `authorization_code` for delegated access.
`scope`	string	Yes	API permission target. Use `{resource}/.default` for client credentials.
`code`	string	Conditional	Authorization code returned by the sign-in endpoint.
`redirect_uri`	string	Conditional	Must match the registered redirect URI for authorization-code redemption.

Code Example

The following Python example requests an app-only Microsoft Graph token. The application must have admin-consented application permissions, such as `SecurityEvents.Read.All`.

python

import os
import requests

tenant = os.environ["ENTRA_TENANT_ID"]
data = {
    "client_id": os.environ["ENTRA_CLIENT_ID"],
    "client_secret": os.environ["ENTRA_CLIENT_SECRET"],
    "grant_type": "client_credentials",
    "scope": "https://graph.microsoft.com/.default",
}

url = f"https://login.microsoftonline.com/{tenant}/oauth2/v2.0/token"
response = requests.post(url, data=data, timeout=30)
response.raise_for_status()

token = response.json()["access_token"]
headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}

security_response = requests.get(
    "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/security/alerts_v2",
    headers=headers,
    timeout=30,
)
security_response.raise_for_status()
print(security_response.json())

Response Format

A successful token response contains an opaque access token and its lifetime.

json

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "expires_in": 3599,
  "ext_expires_in": 3599,
  "access_token": "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9..."
}

`token_type`: Authentication scheme; send `Bearer`.
`expires_in`: Lifetime in seconds.
`ext_expires_in`: Extended lifetime value returned by Entra ID.
`access_token`: Token for the requested resource; do not log it.

Notes & Best Practices

A `401` usually indicates an invalid, expired, or wrong-resource token. A `403` commonly indicates missing admin consent, application permission, or delegated permission.
Cache tokens until shortly before `expires_in`; do not request a new token for every API call.
Client credentials requires `/.default` and uses permissions already configured on the app registration; it does not request individual scopes dynamically.
Validate `aud`, `iss`, `tid`, and `roles` for app-only tokens, or `scp` for delegated tokens, when inspecting JWTs during diagnostics. Keep token acquisition, permission consent, and API calls as separate Token Ladder stages.

About this book

"Microsoft Security Platform" is a technical book by David Simpson with 40 chapters and approximately 20,671 words. Security platform concepts, tools, and implementation on Microsoft.

This book was created using Inkfluence AI, an AI-powered book generation platform that helps authors write, design, and publish complete books. It was made with the AI Documentation Generator.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is "Microsoft Security Platform" about?

Security platform concepts, tools, and implementation on Microsoft

How many chapters are in "Microsoft Security Platform"?

The book contains 40 chapters and approximately 20,671 words. Topics covered include Microsoft Entra ID OAuth 2.0, App Registration Certificates & Secrets, Graph Security API Base URL, Authorization Header & Scopes, and more.

Who wrote "Microsoft Security Platform"?

This book was written by David Simpson and created using Inkfluence AI, an AI book generation platform that helps authors write, design, and publish books.

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